L’évolution des réfrigérateurs

L’ancêtre du réfrigérateur moderne est sans nul doute le modèle Monitor Top de General Electric commercialisé en 1927. Pesant plus de 275 livres d’acier, cette bête en acier propulsa l’industrie de la refrigeration domestique vers ses premiers sommets. Ce modèle fut rapidement accompagné d’une extension faite de stainless steel qui permettait la congélation d’aliment. L’acier stainless permettait entre-autre d’éviter la rouille et l’usure du fuselage.

Durant les années 1950, l’industrie du réfrigérateur visa davantage la classe moyenne. Le modèle Northstar fut emblématique de son époque. Pesant plus de 350 livres, ce réfrigérateur était composé d’acier stainless. Il fut également le réfrigérateur qui amorça la tendance decorative des réfrigérateur. Les femmes au foyer pouvaient maintenant choisir la couleur de leur mobilier de cuisine. La tendance vers le recouvrement d’acier inoxidable débuta à cette époque.

Après quelques décennies, arriva les nouveaux modèles des années 1980s. Nouvelle époque, nouveau design. Capitalisant moins sur l’image de fiabilité et de fierté nationale que représentait l’acier, les nouveaux modèles des années 1980 misaient d’avantage sur l’efficacité énergétique et utilitaire. On peut voir ici un des modèles fer de lance de l’époque : un réfrigérateur de marque Fisher and Paykel.

Aujourd’hui les réfrigérateur ne sont plus uniquement des outils de cuisines, mais églament des éléments de decoration. Les modèles aux portes françaises, avec machines à glace ou même fonctionnant à l’aide d’internet ne saissent de repousser les limites de l’imagination.  De leurs humbles et frustes débuts, les réfrigérateurs ont su travers les époques poussés  par l’esprit innovateurs de leurs concepteurs.

As an international manufacturer and supplier for steel, carbon steel and stainless steel, Shanghai Metal Corporation produces its products to fit your specific industrial requirements. To find out more, please visit our Website or send your inquiry here. Our English speaking personnel will be more than pleased to help you. Follow us on  LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and don’t forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel. Or you could try our new mobile app by scanning our QR code.

    

Source : http://www.realestate.com.au     https://books.google.com

Nicolas D.//SMC Editor

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Do You Know How The UK Coins Are Made And What Are They Made of?

The processes involved in producing a coin can be broken down into three different sections: making the blanks, making the dies and striking the coins.

Making the blanks

Depending on the alloy required, the appropriate metals are melted in the necessary proportions in a furnace. The metal is then extracted from the furnace in the form of a continuous strip, which is cut to produce coils weighing up to 2.8 tonnes. The strip is passed through powerful rolling mills to reduce it to the thickness of a coin. Blank discs of metal are then punched from the strip in a blanking press at a rate of up to 10,000 a minute. Rolling metal under great pressure makes it hard so the blanks have to be softened, something which is achieved by heating them in an annealing furnace at up to 950°C.

Making the dies

Once a design has been approved, a plaster model is prepared at several times the diameter of the intended coin. The plaster model is scanned by a ruby-tipped probe which records the design as a digital file on a computer. Guided by this digital file, an engraving machine cuts the design into a piece of steel at the correct size of the coin. Known as a reduction punch, this piece of steel is then used to make the dies which will actually strike the coins.

Striking the coins

For the final stage of the process, the blanks are fed into a coining press containing a pair of dies. Applying a pressure of around 60 tonnes, the dies strike the blanks and turn them into coins at speeds of up to 850 a minute.

= 1 penny coin =

First Issued February 15, 1971

Diameter 20.3mm

Weight 3.56g

Thickness Bronze: 1.52mm. Copper-plated steel: 1.65mm

Composition Bronze (97pc copper, 2.5pc zinc, 0.5pc tin)

= 2 pence coin =

First Issued February 15, 1971

Diameter 25.9mm

Weight 7.12g

Thickness Bronze: 1.85mm. Copper-plated steel: 2.03mm

Composition Bronze (97pc copper, 2.5pc zinc, 0.5pc tin)

= 5 pence coin =

First Issued Smaller version in June 1990.

Diameter 18.0mm

Weight 3.25g

Thickness 1.7mm

Composition Cupro-nickel (75pc copper, 25pc nickel)

= 10 pence coin =

First Issued Smaller version in September 1992.

Diameter (since 1992) 24.5mm

Weight 6.5g

Thickness 1.85mm

Composition Cupro-nickel (75pc copper, 25pc nickel)

= 20 pence coin =

First Issued June 9, 1982

Diameter 21.4mm

Weight 5g

Thickness 1.7mm

Composition Cupro-nickel (84pc copper, 16c nickel)

= 50 pence coin =

First Issued Smaller version introduced in September 1997. Diameter (since 1997) 27.3mm

Weight 8.0g

Thickness 1.78mm

Composition Cupro-nickel (75pc copper, 25pc nickel)

= 1 pound coin =

Issue Date April 21, 1983

Diameter 22.5mm

Weight 9.5g

Thickness 3.15mm

Composition Nickel-Brass (70pc copper, 5.5pc nickel, 24.5pc zinc)

= 2 pound coin =

First Issued June 15, 1998

Diameter 28.4mm

Weight 12g

Thickness 2.5mm

Composition, Outer Nickel-Brass (76pc copper, 4pc nickel, 20pc zinc). Inner Cupro-nickel (75pc copper, 25pc nickel)

= 5 pound coin =

First Issued August 4, 1990. Previously crowns had a face value of 25p

Diameter 38.61mm

Weight 28.28g

Thickness 2.89mm

Composition Cupro-nickel (75pc copper, 25pc nickel)

Collector versions have been struck in precious metals

As an international manufacturer and supplier for copper sheet and bronze sheet, Shanghai Metal Corporation produces slitting, edging, and oscillates winding to fit your specific copper requirements. To find out more, please visit our Website or send your inquiry here. Our English speaking personnel will be more than pleased to help you. Follow us on  LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and don’t forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel. Or you could try our new mobile app by scanning our QR code.

Sources: Royal Mint, The Telegraph, museumvictoria.com.au

William P.//SMC Editor

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